Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?
| ↓Manner/Place→ | Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Palato-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ||||||
| Stop | p b | t d | c | k g | q | |||
| Affricate | ʤ | |||||||
| Fricative | f v | s z | x | h | ||||
| Approximant | j | |||||||
| Trill | r | |||||||
| Lateral approximant | l |
Co-articulated phonemes
| ↓Manner/Place→ | Labial-velar |
|---|---|
| Approximant | w |
Vowel inventory:
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | ɨ | u |
| Near-high | ɪ | ||
| High-mid | e | ɤ o | |
| Low-mid | ɛ | ||
| Near-low | æ | ||
| Low | a |
| Pronunciation | Spelling |
|---|---|
Nouns have five cases:
Nouns form plural with separate plural word:
| Plural | Particle before the noun: o - dogs
|
| Ergative | If ends with vowel: Suffix -w Else: Suffix -ə̝w dog (doing the verb to something)
|
| Absolutive | No affix dog (doing the verb, but not to something)
|
| Genitive | If ends with vowel: Suffix -b Else: Suffix -æb dogʼs
|
| Dative | Suffix -æ to (the/a) dog
|
| Locative | Suffix -on near/at/by (the/a) dog
|
| Definite | the
|
| Indefinite | a, some
|
Uses of definite article that differ from English:
| Ergative | Absolutive | Genitive | Dative | Locative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | I
|
me, I
|
mine
|
to me
|
at me
|
| 2nd singular | you
|
you
|
yours
|
to you
|
at you
|
| 3rd singular masc | he, it
|
him, it
|
his, its
|
to him, at it
|
at him, at it
|
| 3rd singular fem | she, it
|
her, it
|
hers, its
|
to her, at it
|
at her, at it
|
| 1st plural | we
|
us, we
|
ours
|
to us
|
at us
|
| 2nd plural | you all
|
you all
|
yours (pl)
|
to you all
|
at you all
|
| 3rd plural | they
|
them, they
|
theirs
|
to them
|
at them
|
| 1st singular | my
|
| 2nd singular | your
|
| 3rd singular masc | his
|
| 3rd singular fem | her
|
| 1st plural | our
|
| 2nd plural | your (pl)
|
| 3rd plural | their
|
| Present | No affix learn
|
| Past | Suffix -ɨ learned
|
| Remote past | Suffix -ə̝ʤ learned (long ago)
|
| Future | If ends with vowel: Suffix -p Else: Suffix -ə̝p will learn
|
| Imperfective | If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -ɤn learns/is learning
|
| Perfect | Suffix -a have learned
|
Wamzèian has a base-20 number system:
1 -
2 -
3 -
4 -
5 -
6 -
7 -
8 -
9 -
10 -
11 -
12 -
13 -
14 -
15 -
16 -
17 -
18 -
19 -
20 -
400 -
8000 -
Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -m
Else: Suffix -am
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -ah
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -d
Else: Suffix -æd
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Suffix -i
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -g
Else: Suffix -ə̝g
Noun to verb = Suffix -ɪ
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -dmə̝
Else: Suffix -edmə̝
Tending to = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ppɨ
Else: Suffix -ippɨ
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -xka
Else: Suffix -ɛxka
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Suffix -iʤ
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -ɪ
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -ɛs
Diminutive = Suffix -a
Augmentative = Suffix -ɪb
Key: